Tooth structure

crown A dental crown is a tooth-shaped cap that restores a decayed, broken, weak or worn-down tooth. Dentists also use crowns to cover dental implants and root
root The root functions as an anchor for the tooth and has an intricate passage for blood and nerve supply that maintains the tooth viability. The crown is the surface that breaks down the food when opposing teeth are brought together on chewing. Both the crown and root consists of hard and soft tissue.
Dental enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and serves as the wear-resistant outer layer of the dental crown. It forms an insulating barrier that protects the tooth from physical, thermal, and chemical forces that would otherwise be injurious to the vital tissue in the underlying dental pulp.

Overall, the dentin contains less minerals and is less brittle or breakable than the enamel. Its main function is to provide support to the enamel. It is also responsible for transmitting impulses from the enamel or root to the dental pulp.

pulp tooth pulp is the innermost layer of your tooth. It contains nerves, blood vessels, specialized cells and connective tissues, which provide nutrients for your tooth. In simple terms, dental pulp is what keeps your tooth alive. The outer layers of your tooth — dentin and enamel — protect the pulp of your tooth
gums are important because they help keep your teeth in place. You can lose your teeth to periodontal disease that damages your gums. Good oral hygiene — brushing your teeth twice a day and flossing — protects your gums by clearing away the bacteria that can cause gum disease

cementum The main function of cementum is tooth support or tooth anchorage together with the principal fibers and alveolar bone.
blood vessel  The root of the tooth extends down into the jawbone. The root contains blood vessels and nerves, which supply blood and feeling to the whole tooth. This area is known as the "pulp" of the tooth
periodontal ligament  The PDL is a highly specialized connective tissue situated between the tooth and the alveolar bone (Figure 1-5). The principal function of the PDL is to connect the tooth to the jaw, which it must do in such a way that the tooth will withstand the considerable forces of mastication
lateral canals Lateral canals play a fundamental role in the endodontic treatment because they may contain remnants of infected or necrotic pulp tissue and bacterias . Moreover, since they communicate with the periodontium, they are important in periodontal-endodontic problems